E公司成立时间不长,由于处于成立初期,为了在市场上取得较好的成绩,主要投资人就以一个较高的起点设立了这家企业,花巨资购买了世界最先进的一条生产线,并通过给...

作者: rantiku 人气: - 评论: 0
问题 E公司成立时间不长,由于处于成立初期,为了在市场上取得较好的成绩,主要投资人就以一个较高的起点设立了这家企业,花巨资购买了世界最先进的一条生产线,并通过给予优厚的待遇招聘到了一些资深的研发人员,为他们配备了良好的设备和环境,期望能够在最短的时间内研发出新产品。E公司的产品质量在市场上处于中上游水平。产品一经推出即得到市场的认同,销售增长速度很快。针对该种产品客户对售后服务的要求,E公司主动与客户建立起了结构性关系,使客户对企业的服务形成无法通过其他途径弥补的依赖。通过这种做法,该企业以优质的客户服务,获得了客户的认同,也维持了现有的市场。 为了制定自身的发展战略,E公司采用五力模型对行业的竞争程度进行了分析。部分因素分析如下。 (1)本行业的潜在进入者来自国内、国外两个方面。本行业是资本和技术密集型的行业;对国外进入者,国家有一定限制以对本行业进行必要的保护。 (2)本公司产品的主要原材料供应商十分集中,采购量在各供应商之间分布较均匀,主要原材料暂无替代品。 (3)由于本行业中各企业提供的产品差异性越来越小,因此顾客选择机会较多。 (4)由于科技进步加快,市场上已开始出现性能更高的同类产品,只是目前的价格还略高于传统产品。 <1> 、上述四个方面的因素分别对应“五力模型”中的哪些方面 <2> 、说明每个因素对该行业竞争强度的影响。 <3> 、简述五力模型的局限性。
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解析 <1> 、因素1属于潜在进入者的进入威胁。(0.5分)因素2属于供应商的议价能力。(0.5分)因素3属于购买者的议价能力。(0.5分)因素4属于替代品的替代威胁。(0.5分) 【该题针对“产业五种竞争力”知识点进行考核】 <2> 、该行业存在潜在进入者,这会对现有企业带来竞争压力。潜在进入者来自于国内和国外两个方面。由于本行业是资本和技术密集型的行业,因此具有一定的进入壁垒,在一定程度上限制了潜在进入者的威胁。同时,由于国家有一定限制以对本行业进行必要的保护,因此,来自于国外的潜在进入者的威胁不大。加上E公司主动与客户建立起了结构性关系,使客户对企业的服务形成无法通过其他途径弥补的依赖,也进一步限制了潜在进入者的威胁。综合看来,潜在进入者的威胁不大。(0.5分) 对于供应商的议价能力分析:由于产品的主要原材料供应商十分集中,采购量在各供应商之间分布较均匀,主要原材料暂无替代品,因此供应商的议价能力较强。(0.5分) 对于购买者的议价能力分析:由于不同企业产品的差异性越来越小,顾客的选择机会较多,转换成本相对较低,因此,购买商的议价能力较强。(0.5分) 对于替代品威胁分析:市场上已经出现了性能更高的同类产品,存在替代品威胁。但由于替代品目前的价格还略高于传统产品,因此短期内威胁并不明显。(0.5分) 【该题针对“产业五种竞争力”知识点进行考核】 <3> 、五力模型的局限性: ①该模型基本上是静态的。然而,在现实中竞争环境始终在变化。这些变化可能从高变低,也可能从低变高,其变化速度比模型所显示的要快得多。 ②该模型能够确定行业的盈利能力,但是对于非营利机构,有关获利能力的假设可能是错误的。 ③该模型基于这样的假设:即一旦进行了这种分析,企业就可以制定企业战略来处理分析结果,但这只是一种理想的方式。(1分) ④该模型假设战略制定者可以了解整个行业的信息,但这一假设在现实中并不存在。 ⑤该模型低估了企业与供应者、客户或分销商、合资企业之间可能建立长期合作关系以减轻相互之间威胁的可能性。 ⑥该模型对产业竞争力的构成要素考虑不够全面。(1分) 【英语答案】 (1) Factor 1 belongs to threat of potential new entrants. Factor 2 belongs to bargaining power of supplier. Factor 3 belongs to bargaining power of purchaser. Factor 4 belongs to threat of substitute products. (2) Potential entrants exist in the industry, which brings competitive pressure for existing enterprises. Potential entrants are from domestic and oversea aspects. Since the industry is capital and technology-intensive, there are some entry barriers limiting threat of potential new entrants to a certain extent. Meanwhile, some of the country restrictions can give the industry essential protections. Therefore, threat of oversea potential entrants is insignificant. Moreover, Company E takes the initiative and builds structural relationship with clients, which makes clients rely on services of the company. The reliance cannot be compensated by any other methods, which further limits threat of potential entrants. All in all, threat of potential entrants is insignificant. Analysis of bargaining power of supplier: due to the concentration of suppliers of product’s major raw material, purchase quantity is well-distributed. There is no substitute for major raw material. Hence, bargaining power of suppliers is strong. Analysis of bargaining power of purchaser: as differentiation of products from different companies becoming tiny, customers have more choices and relatively low conversion cost. Therefore, bargaining power of purchaser is strong. Analysis of threat of substitute products: threat of substitute products exists due to the emergence of similar products with higher performance. However, the prices of substitutes are slightly higher than traditional products. Threat of substitute products are not obvious in short-term. (3) Limitation of the Five-Force Model a. The model is basically static. However, competition environment is always changing in real world. These changes may go from high to low, or probably from low to high. The rate of change is way faster than the one that model displays. b. The model can determine profitability of the industry. For non-profit organizations, assumptions of related profitability might be wrong. c. The model is based on assumption like this: once analysis is performed, enterprise can develop corporate strategy to deal with the analysis results. However, this is merely an ideal way. d. The model assumes that strategy planner understands information of entire industry. This assumption does not exist in reality. e. The model underestimates enterprise and supplier, clients, distributors, or joint ventures may establish long-term cooperation relationship to reduce probability of threatening each other. f. The model does not comprehensively consider factors that constitute industry competitiveness. 【该题针对“产业五种竞争力”知识点进行考核】

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